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Top Interviewing Tips for the Bio-Pharma Industry
Top Interviewing Tips for the Bio-Pharma Industry
Part 1 - The Telephone Screen
Hiring Managers are evaluating you in three main areas during a phone interview:
1st - Your technical fit for the position
2nd - Your personality and fit for the group
3rd - Your verbal communication skills
How is the hiring manager assessing your technical fit for the position?
Hiring managers need to know that each candidate possesses the relevant technical skills
necessary for the position. The keys to the technical questions that will be asked are in the
job description.
Prior to the phone interview, familiarize yourself with the bullets from the required skills
section of the job description. Highlight the points in the job description where you see the
words required and preferred and begin thinking of examples where you have experience with
those skills. Write your answers out and keep them near the phone for your call. You will be
asked about the required skills set, so don't be caught off guard about these inevitable
questions.
If there are required skills listed in the job description that you do not have experience
with, don't worry. Simply state that you are familiar with that skill and a quick learner, and
that you are genuinely interested in developing that experience. Many hiring managers will
overlook a lacking skill set if they are convinced the candidate is a fast learner and has a
genuine interest in acquiring the knowledge in question.
How is the hiring manager evaluating personality?
Fifty percent of any job interview process is focused on a candidate's personality fit into the
group. Although this will be more of a focus in a face-to-face interview, the interviewer will
certainly be trying to get a feeling about personality over the phone.
Coming across likable over the phone can be difficult. In order to do this you must:
1- Match the style of the interviewer
2- Exhibit enthusiasm for the position and the company
Matching Style
The cue to the hiring manager's style will be in the way the person starts the conversation. If
the interviewer gets right to business very quickly on the phone, you are dealing with someone
who is matter of fact and possibly very busy. Do not try and lighten the call, just simply
respond with the same serious approach to your answers. If on the other hand the interviewer
sounds very upbeat and starts the call by discussing personal matters, return the favor and try
and open up a bit. If you feel high energy in the voice of the interviewer, you will want to be
upbeat as well.
Show Enthusiasm
First, make sure you tell the interviewer that you are interested and excited about the
position. Many candidates forget to actually say this during a phone interview.
Additionally, prior to the phone interview, at a minimum, go to the company Web site and look
at the product portfolio. Familiarize yourself with not only the job description, but also how
that position might fit in to the company’s overall drug development pipeline. After viewing
the product pipeline, scan the company's recent news section as well and work that information
into the call. This will show you have done your homework.
How is the hiring manager assessing your communication skills?
Verbal communication is a key component of the phone screen evaluation. The two questions a
hiring manager is asking are: Can you answer questions clearly and concisely? Are you able to
give more than just yes and no answers
Be mindful of rambling, but make sure that every answer you give is elaborated on. I often hear
from hiring managers that when a candidate answers in solely yes or no's, they automatically
question their aptitude. Conversely, if you do all the talking and some of it seems aimless,
hiring managers will also question your aptitude. The best way to avoid this is to have
prepared examples of your skills written out and next to the phone. This should keep you on
point and prevent you from being too verbose.
Final Points:
As a rule, listen more than you talk.
Try and find a private place where you are not worried about others listening to your
conversation. If you are in a cube, this may mean that you would need to schedule calls before
or after the work day. Interviewers would rather accommodate a time before or after work than
deal with cryptic or half answers.
Know that a call from HR will be very different than a call from a hiring manager. The HR call
will be more about you personally, while the hiring manager will be more about your technical
background.
Try to take the call from a land line. Cell phone usage has become very popular, but cell
coverage is still inconsistent and the clarity of a cell line is not yet as clear as a land
line. There is nothing more annoying than to be speaking to someone and have it be broken up,
or worse disconnected.
Part 2 - The Face-to-Face Interview
In addition to being a strong technical fit for the position you are interviewing for, hiring
managers are evaluating you in three main areas during a face to face interview:
1st - Your appearance
2nd - Your attitude
3rd - Your preparedness
Appearance
The golden rule regarding your appearance is: Wear a suit and dress as conservative as
possible. If you are a struggling post doc with no extra money to spare, do not be afraid to
check out the consignment stores. The suit does not need to be fancy or expensive, it simply
needs to fit you well and be clean. This rule applies even if the company is casual or business
casual. No one will ever fault you for wearing a suit.
Interviewees should never wear cologne or perfume as it can be very distracting and to some,
even repulsing. If you are a smoker, do not smoke in the clothes you will be wearing or within
several hours of the interview's start time. Certainly avoid smoking throughout the day as
well. In today's day and age of the health conscious, most people frown upon smokers, so don’t
put yourself at a disadvantage unnecessarily.
In the end, remember that if you look sharp, you will feel sharp. A professional appearance
will allow you to act more self confident.
Attitude
Your attitude throughout the interview process is incredibly important. Think of an interview
like a six hour play where you have landed the lead role. This is the opening night, so
although you have rehearsed for the show, you haven’t had any live practice and like all
opening nights, the critics are in the front row waiting to write about how you performed. You
are on display all day, so you are going to need to keep your energy and your momentum up.
The first sign of a person's personality or attitude is their face, so make sure you are
smiling. The more you smile the better. Remember, even a fake smile is better than no smile at
all. Additionally, remember that people, including myself, do judge others on their handshake,
so be sure to use a firm one.
At the end of each of your meetings, tell the interviewer how excited you are about the company
and the position. I often ask candidates if they said this and many admit they forget. This is
unfortunate. I have worked with hiring managers who have passed on candidates simply because
they didn’t think the candidate was interested, so if you always tell them that you are, they
can not be mistaken.
Exude humility.
Arrogance at any stage in your career is ignorance. Some of the most successful scientists I know are
humble and gracious. Let your accomplishments speak for themselves. Conversely, don’t be a
shrinking violet either. No matter what the position is, either a management role or not,
interviewers are looking for candidates who can lead. Throughout the day try and work in
examples where you have led others. Never ever speak negatively about your current or former
colleagues or companies. Additionally, always try to turn your negative experiences into
positive experiences.
Preparedness
The final key to face to face interviewing is being well prepared by, "doing your homework."
Most candidates don't bother to look into the backgrounds of the interviewers on the agenda and
this is a real opportunity lost. In Bio-Pharma, almost everyone has published something, so
candidates can always and easily find out information related to their interviewer's research
interests. Get the agenda and search those names on PubMed (www.pubmed.gov) or a related
database and see if you can scan through the papers they have published.
Familiarize yourself with at least one thing about each person you will be meeting and be sure
to mention that fact in your interview. If you do this, you will truly stand out.
Read through your CV and be sure you can give examples of all the work you have done that you
list. Different people gravitate towards different skills, so you need to be prepared and speak about all of it. To that end, don’t put experience on your CV unless you can
back it up in person. Never pad your resume, it will make for a very uncomfortable face to face
interview.
Hiring managers are looking for leadership skills even at the more junior levels of the
organization. Be sure to discuss and have prepared at least one project where you exhibited
strong technical skills and also one project where you led or mentored others. Feel free to
repeat those stories throughout the day if they are relevant.
Finally, understand that you will need to impress everyone you meet, regardless of who they are
or at what level they are within the organization. Everyone on that interview team has a voice
Part 3 - The Scientific Presentation
The presentation portion of your interview is make or break. If your scientific presentation is
poor, it is highly likely that you will not get the job you are interviewing for. To avoid this
misfortune, there are three things you can do to increase your chances of success.
1 - Ask the hiring manager for guidance on choosing your topic
2 - Practic, Practice, Practice
3 - Anticipate questions and prepare answers
1- Ask the hiring manager for guidance on choosing your topic.
Don’t be shy about calling or e-mailing the hiring manager for advice on topic selection. If
the hiring manager is excited about your talk, it is very likely that the rest of the group
will be, too. This direction will also help you understand what subject matter is relevant to
his or her groups focus. To some hiring managers, it might not matter what you talk about.
These hiring managers are using the presentation to evaluate your communication skills and
assess how you field questions. However, as you interview for more senior level positions, what
you actually choose to talk about will be evaluated and the best person to put you on the right
track is the hiring manager. Your asking for help on topic selection shows you are interested
in fully preparing for your interview. Generally, hiring managers appreciate presentations in
the following format:
Statement of the problem or project. Identification of the expected outcome or theory.
Description of the methods and tools used and results of those "tests." Discussion of the
problems or obstacles encountered, either expected or unexpected. Outcome, and if different
from expected outcome, why.
If at all possible, compose your scientific data in this way. It will allow the attendees to
see how you think through a process and overcome obstacles, a skill everyone in the Bio-Pharma
industry is interested in.
2 - Practice, Practice, Practice
Be sure your presentation is peer reviewed and one that you have given several times before. If
this is a new presentation for you, take the time to give the presentation as many times as
possible to your colleagues or scientific friends and make sure to solicit feedback from them.
You are better off knowing the truth about your presentation before you get into an interview
setting.
It is also important to know your audience. Because there will likely be employees from all
parts of the organization at your presentation, be sure to speak at a level that everyone can
understand. Therefore, when practicing, invite people to your presentation that are both junior
and senior to you.
3 - Anticipate questions and prepare answers
Preparation for the question and answer session is key. During your practice rounds, encourage
your peers to ask questions and write down those that were asked. Reflect on those questions
and come up with clear and concise answers. This preparation will help you avoid giving only
yes or no answers on the day of your interview.
Hopefully you will not be asked something that you don't know the answer to, but if you are,
never make up an answer! State that you would like to think further about it and get back to
them with the appropriate response. If this happens, do follow up with that person after the
interview with a reply.
Part 4 -The Offer Stage
The offer stage actually begins long before you have convinced the company where you are
interviewing that you are their ideal candidate. It begins when you have to start talking about
salary and expectations.
Either before your interview or the day of your interview, you are going to be asked to fill
out an employment application. Each company will ask you slightly different questions, but the
point of the document is the usually the same. They want to get permission to run a background
check and they will want you to provide your references and some brief employment and academic
history. They will also want to know your current compensation and your salary expectations.
How do you answer questions about your professional, academic, and salary history?
On all questions, be completely truthful. Never misrepresent your professional history, your
academic credentials or your current salary information. If you do, the company will find out
in a background check and you will certainly not be hired. Conversely, don't leave anything
blank either. Information left blank draws a red flag and will appear that you are trying to
hide something. This is especially true with the current salary question. I sometimes have
candidates say to me, "I think I am underpaid, so if I tell them what I am earning, I might get
a low ball offer." This is not true. Even if you are underpaid, a company is going to take into
consideration three things when making you an offer.
1 - Your current base and bonus
2 - Internal equity
3 - How badly they want you
If your base is low, you are not going to escape it, but the company will balance your base
against the other factors and make you a fair offer.
As a note, if you receive stock awards or a yearly bonus, make sure you include that
information with your current compensation. For instance, if you are earning 100K, with a 15%
bonus plan and you receive 1000 stock options yearly, be sure to include all of that
information. You want the company to understand your full compensation story, especially
because the company where you are interviewing may not pay their employees exactly the same way
your current employer pays. For example, the company you are interviewing with may not offer
stock options at all, and they might want to make that up to you in an increased base or bonus,
or a sign on bonus if necessary.
How do you answer a question about your salary expectations?
The answer is simple. On your application simply write negotiable. Nothing more, nothing less.
In your interview, you might also be asked verbally about your salary expectations. This is a
key point to remember: When asked about your salary expectations, you simply say, “I would
consider any reasonable offer.” ™ If the person responds with, “No, really, what are you
looking for?” Reply again with “No really, I am very excited about your company and the role I
would play here, I would really consider any reasonable offer.”™ No interviewer will ask you
this question more than twice. It is important that you understand that this is a loaded
question and you can not win if you answer it. If you state a number that is perceived as low,
you will likely not get a dime more than the number you have given. If you state a number that
is too high, even if the company loved you, they could pass on your candidacy because they
don't think they can afford you. Always let a company make the first move regarding offer. You
can always negotiate from there, as most companies expect you will anyway.
Once an offer has been made, you want to spend some time really thinking about the offer before
you do, or ask for anything. If they really knocked your socks off and the offer is truly more
than you expected, don’t bother negotiating. Although negotiating is sometimes necessary, it is
not always perceived positively, especially if a company has gone above and beyond to make you
happy. Therefore, if you are happy, don’t risk the
potential negativity of negotiating for what will amount to usually no more than a few thousand
dollars.
However, if you are truly dissatisfied with the offer, but you want the job, then it is
appropriate to negotiate. The operative phrase here is, if you want the job. Never waste a
company’s time negotiating an offer if you don’t really want the position. You will not look
good in the end.
Throughout the offer negotiation, try and put yourself in the shoes of the HR or the hiring
manager that you are working with. It will help you keep perspective on a process that can not
only be very overwhelming for you, but for them as well. Additionally, remember that your
behavior while negotiating the offer and accepting is your first act as an employee of that
company and will set the tone for the first few months of your new career.
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