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Molecular Biology and Computational Biology Glossary
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(Continued from previous part...)
Data warehouse
A collection of databases, data tables, and mechanisms to
access the data on a single subject.
Deletion
A loss of part of the DNA from a chromosome; can lead to a
disease or abnormality.
Deletion map
A description of a specific chromosome that uses defined mutations
--specific deleted areas in the genome-- as 'biochemical signposts,'
or markers for specific areas.
Deoxyribonucleotide
Deoxyribose
A type of sugar that is one component of DNA (deoxyribonucleic
acid).
Diploid
A full set of genetic material consisting of paired chromosomes,
one from each parental set. Most animal cells except the gametes
have a diploid set of chromosomes. The diploid human genome
has 46 chromosomes.
Directed evolution
A laboratory process used on isolated molecules or microbes
to cause mutations and identify subsequent adaptations to novel
environments.
Directed
mutagenesis
Alteration of DNA at a specific site and its reinsertion into
an organism to study any effects of the change.
Directed
sequencing
Successively sequencing DNA from adjacent stretches of chromosome.
Disease-associated genes
Alleles carrying particular DNA sequences associated with
the presence of disease.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic
acid)
The molecule that encodes genetic information. DNA is a double-stranded
molecule held together by weak bonds between base pairs of nucleotides.
The four nucleotides in DNA contain the bases adenine (A), guanine
(G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). In nature, base pairs form
only between A and T and between G and C; thus the base sequence
of each single strand can be deduced from that of its partner.
DNA bank
A service that stores DNA extracted from blood samples or
other human tissue.
DNA probe
DNA repair genes
Genes encoding proteins that correct errors in DNA sequencing.
DNA replication
The use of existing DNA as a template for the synthesis of
new DNA strands. In humans and other eukaryotes, replication
occurs in the cell nucleus.
DNA sequence
The relative order of base pairs, whether in a DNA fragment,
gene, chromosome, or an entire genome.
Domain
A discrete portion of a protein assumed to fold independently
of the rest of the protein and possessing its own function.
Domain
A discrete portion of a protein with its own function. The
combination of domains in a single protein determines its overall
function.
Domain
Conserved structural entities with distinctive secondary structure
content and an hydrophobic core. In small disulphide-rich
and Zn2+-binding or Ca2+- binding domains the hydrophobic
core may be provided by cystines and metal ions, respectively.
Homologous domains with common functions usually show sequence
similarities.
Domain composition
Proteins with the same domain composition have at least one
copy of each of domains of the query.)
Domain organisation
Proteins having all the domains as the query in the same order
(Additional domains are allowed)).
Dominant
An allele that is almost always expressed, even if only one
copy is present.
Double helix
The twisted-ladder shape that two linear strands of DNA assume
when complementary nucleotides on opposing strands bond together.
Draft sequence
The sequence generated by the HGP as of June 2000 that, while
incomplete, offers a virtual road map to an estimated 95%
of all human genes. Draft sequence data are mostly in the
form of 10,000 base pair-sized fragments whose approximate
chromosomal locations are known.
DUST
A program for filtering low complexity regions from nucleic
acid sequences.
(Continued on next part...)
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C
D
E
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G
H
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J
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P
Q
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U
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X
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